The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered by the discovery of X-rays. The front side of the medal displays the same profile of Alfred Nobel depicted on the medals for Physics, Chemistry, and Literature. The prize consists of a medal along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Prize in Physics ( Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics. Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923), the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier X-Rays in Theory and Experiment ( 1935, non-fiction, with S.K.Outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics X-Rays and Electrons ( 1926, non-fiction) Secondary Radiations Produced by X-Rays ( 1922, non-fiction) Lunar Crater Crater Compton (named for Arthur & Karl T. Manhattan Project Director, Metallurgical Laboratory Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents (1950-62) ![]() National Research Council Fellowship (1919) National Conference of Christians and Jews Co-Chairman (1938-47), Board of Directors (1947-58) National Academy of Sciences Board of Trustees (1949-61) General Electric Consulting Physicist (1926-45)Īmerican Association for the Advancement of Science President (1942)Īmerican Association of Scientific Workers President (1939-40)Īmerican Physical Society President (1934)Īrgonne National Laboratory Board of Governors (1945)īrookings Institution Board of Trustees (1956-59)Ĭarnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Board of Trustees (1949-53)Ĭhicago Museum of Science and Industry Board of Trustees (1953-62)Ĭommittee for Economic Development Board of Trustees (1949-58) Louis (1953-61)Īdministrator: Trustee, College of Woosterīenjamin Franklin Medal 1940 (by the Franklin Institute) Professor: Physics, Washington University in St. Professor: Physics, University of Chicago (1923-45)Īdministrator: Chancellor, Washington University in St. Professor: Wayman Crow Professor of Physics, Washington University in St. Scholar: Physics, Cambridge University (1919-20) Teacher: Physics, University of Minnesota (1916-17) University: PhD Physics, Princeton University (1916) University: MA Physics, Princeton University (1914) ![]() University: BS, College of Wooster (1913) High School: Wooster High School, Wooster, OH (1909) Son: John Joseph Compton (philosophy professor) Son: Arthur Allen Compton (foreign service) Wife: Betty Charity McCloskey (college sweetheart, m. 2)īrother: Wilson Martindale Compton (President of WSU, b. Sister: Mary Elesia Compton (Christian missionary, b. 1)īrother: Karl Taylor Compton (President of MIT, b. Mother: Otelia Catheryne Augspurger Compton (b. Compton, was the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.įather: Elias Compton (philosophy professor, b. ![]() Louis in the 1940s and '50s, he ended athletic scholarships and resisted racial integration at that institution. As chancellor at Washington University in St. He was later a driving force in establishment of the Manhattan Project to develop nuclear weapons, and played a key role in planning and supervision of early nuclear power generators. His formula accurately predicts the change of wavelength produced in secondary x-rays, and helped confirm the wave-particle duality as theorized by Louis de Broglie. In coining the new term photon, Compton theorized that as a photon of light strikes an electron, the electron recoils and seizes some energy from the photon, thereby increasing its length. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927, for his 1923 explanation of what is now called the Compton effect, the manner in which the wavelength of x-rays and other forms of electromagnetic radiation are altered as they collide with electrons. ![]() Remains: Buried, Wooster Cemetery, Wooster, OHĮxecutive summary: Discovered the Compton EffectĪmerican scientist Arthur H.
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